Background information:
Names:
1-Meth
2-Eth
3-Prop
4-But
5-Pent
6-Hex
7-Hept
8-Oct
9-Non
10-Dec

Alkanes:
-The carbon atoms are joined by single double bonds.
-They are said to be saturated as no other atoms can be added to the carbon atoms without first removing some other atoms

Alkenes:
-There is a carbon-carbon double bond present in the molecule.
-They are said to be unsaturated as other atoms can be added to the molecule when the carbon-carbon double bonds opens up

Alcohols:
-They have a hydroxyl functional group
-Their names ends with '-ol'

Carboxylic acids:
-They have an acid functional group
-Their names end with '-oic',derived from the corresponding alkane by replacing the letter 'e' in '-ane' with 'oic.
Eg. methane-> methanoic acid and ethane ->ethanoic acid